The Republican losses in last week’s midterm elections continued an almost unbroken trend in U.S. politics: The party of a sitting President loses congressional seats in his sixth year in office.
Since the Civil War, the President’s party has lost an average of 47 seats in the House in his sixth year in office. Only President Bill Clinton confounded this trend, when Democrats picked up five seats in 1998, but failed to overturn a Republican House majority.
As of this writing, with 10 House races undecided, Republicans have lost a net of 28 seats. In other words, no matter what the final count is, it is certain to be lower than the average sixth-year loss.
In fact, President Bush’s sixth-year woes pale in comparison to other Presidents. Non-consecutive two-term Democratic President Grover Cleveland led his party to a staggering 125-seat loss in 1894—more than one third of the entire House at the time.
In 1902, the House expanded to its current membership of 435. The largest loss since then was a 72-seat loss by the Democrats in 1938, President Franklin Roosevelt’s sixth year. Roosevelt could not overcome the sixth-year curse in spite of a 54% approval rating. He was re-elected to a third term two years later.
In 1958, Republicans lost 50 seats, when Republican President Dwight Eisenhower was in his sixth year.
There is a silver lining here. In the 20th Century, it was the Republicans who lost seats in four of the seven “sixth-year” midterm elections. In three of those four cases, the GOP won the presidency two years later.
| Sixth-Year House Losses | |||
| Year | President | Party | Seats Lost |
| 1874 | U.S. Grant | Republican | 96 |
| 1894 | Grover Cleveland | Democrat | 125 |
| 1906 | Teddy Roosevelt | Republican | 28 |
| 1918 | Woodrow Wilson | Democrat | 22 |
| 1938 | Franklin Roosevelt | Democrat | 72 |
| 1950 | Harry Truman | Democrat | 28 |
| 1958 | Dwight Eisenhower | Republican | 48 |
| 1986 | Ronald Reagan | Republican | 5 |
| 1998 | Bill Clinton | Democrat | Gained 5 |
| 2006 | George Bush | Republican | 28-plus |
Source: Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Represenatives
